Let's first define 3 parameters (m,i,j) and one variable (n).
As an example, we'll set i=10,j=1, and vary m over it's full cycle modulo i^j (in this case that means 0≤m<10).

Next, we generate a sequence by iterating n in the following expression until it becomes cyclical.

With our example values, we get the following:

Code:

0: 1; 0 (this yields a lead-in of length 1 and a cycle of length 1)
1: 1 (this leads a cycle of length 1)
2: 1; 2, 4, 6, 8, ... (this yields a lead-in of length 1, and a cycle of length 4)
3: 1, 3, 9, 7, ... (this yields a cycle of length 4)
4: 1; 4, 6, ... (lead-in of length 1, and cycle of length 2)
5: 1; 5, ... (lead-in of length 1, and cycle of length of length 1)
6: 1; 6, ... (lead-in of length 1 and cycle of length 0)
7: 1, 7, 9, 3, ... (this yields a cycle of length 4)
8: 1; 8, 4, 2, 6, ... (this yields a lead-in of length 1, and a cycle of length 4)
9: 1, 9, ... (this yields a cycle of length 2)



Now, in full generality (for the first 10 diagonals of 2-tuples):

Code:
#!/usr/bin/env python

from math import sqrt

def inv_tri(t):
   return 0.5*(sqrt(8*t+1)-1)

def tri(n):
   return n*(n+1)/2

dct = {}
props = {}

for i in range(tri(11)):
   it = inv_tri(i)
   first = int(it)
   second = i - tri(first)
   pair = (first - second, second)
   base,exponent = pair
   modulus = base**exponent
   if modulus: print pair
   for j in range(modulus):
      id = (j, base, exponent)
      num = 1
      dct[id] = []
      while num not in dct[id]:
         dct[id].append(num)
         num = (num*j) % modulus
      run_up = dct[id].index(num)
      total = len(dct[id])
      cycle = total - run_up
      props[id] = (run_up,cycle,total)
      print "\t%d (of %d)" % (j, modulus)
      print "\t", dct[id]
      print "\t", props[id]
      print ""
      


I have about 38MB of data for analysis from running this, lets see what you guys come up with.
This is pretty neat. Now that I've given it a better look over, I think I get what's going on. I look forward to seeing your analysis!
I'm hoping to make some pretty radial graphs of the cycle-structures, and make a good spreadsheet of the m,i,j parameters, and the length of the lead-in, the length of the cycle, and the total length of the sequence until the first repeated value to see if I come up with any patterns.

But it would be awesome to see if any of you guys play with it and produce anything interesting.
  
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